Today we are going to talk about Rare earth elements. Rare elements of this type are called rare-metals, rare-earth oxides and lanthanides. Yttrium and Scandium are known to be rare earth elements because these types of metals occur in ore deposits similar to lanthanides. Yttrium and scandium show similar chemical properties but the metal has different electronic and magnetic properties. So let us gather more information about Rare earth elements.
The world's rare metals and their compounds have no known biological function. Water soluble compounds in the world's rare metals are mild to moderate toxic but this metal is not insoluble. The rare metals of the world in pure form fall slowly into the air at room temperature. And these metals react slowly with cold water to release hydrogen. Rare metals of this type react with vapor to form oxides and manifest spontaneously at elevated temperatures and burn with intense colorful pyrotechnic flames.
Thulium is named Tm and atomic number 69. Thulium is known as the thirteenth and third-final element in the lanthanide series. This rare metal is found in halides, oxides and other compounds. Thulium is found only in trace amounts on Earth. Thulium is a metal with a bright silver-gray luster that is easy to work with. Thulium is fairly soft and slowly ticks in the air.
2. Cerium
This type of metal is known as a chemical element with the symbol CE and atomic number 58. This rare metal is a soft, light and silver-white metal. Cerium tends to fade when exposed to air. This rare metal is used in Ferro cerium lighters for its pyrophoric properties. A metal called cerium has no biological role in humans and cerium is not very toxic.
3. Dysprosium
The symbol for this type of metal is Dy and the atom is 66. Dysprosium is considered a rare-earth element with a metallic silver luster. This rare metal is never seen in nature as a free element. This naturally occurring rare metal is made up of seven isotopes. These metals are mildly toxic. This rare metal is most importantly used to control the rods in the reactor of a nuclear plant because Dysprosium has the ability to absorb neutrons.
4. Erbium
This type of metal has a chemical element with the symbol Er and atom number 68. When silver-white solid metal is artificially separated, this rare metal is always found in chemical compounds with other elements. Erbium metal is used in laser surgery to deploy such shallow tissue.
5. Europium
This type of metal is known as a chemical element with the symbol Eu and atom number 63. This rare metal is by far the most reactive lanthanide to be stored under an inert liquid to protect it from atmospheric oxygen or moisture. Europium is considered to be the softest metal. Europium is also used as a laser material and to make thin superconducting alloys.
6. Gadolinium
This type of metal is known as a chemical element with the symbol Gd and the atomic number 64. Gadolinium is a silver-white metal. This rare metal reacts slowly with atmospheric oxygen or moisture to form a black coating. Gadolinium is found only in nature in ox oxidized form. This rare metal salt is used as phosphorus in various applications.
7. Holmium
Holmium is known as a chemical element. The symbol for Holmium is Ho and the atomic number is 67. Holmium is considered to be an important part of the lanthanide series. This rare metal is found to be relatively soft and weakly silver-white. Holmium is very reactive to look inconsistent in nature. Holmium is used for the polarization of strong static magnets.
8. Lanthanum
The symbol for this type of metal is La and atomic number 57. Lanthanum is a soft, mild, silver-white metal that slowly fades when exposed to air. This element is soft enough to cut with a knife. This rare element has no biological role in humans but Lanthanum is required for some bacteria. The best known use of lanthanum is in flints for cigarette lighters. This rare element is widely used in carbon lighting applications such as stereo lighting and cinema projection.
9. Lutetium
This type of metal is known as a chemical element with the symbol Lu and atom number 71. Lutetium resists corrosion in dry air. This rare metal is sometimes considered to be the first element of the 6th period transition metals. Lutetium is used to determine the age of minerals and meteors. This metal is significantly more common in the earth's crust than silver.
10. Neodymium
This type of metal is known as a chemical element with the symbol Nd and atom number 60. Neodymium is a hard and slightly repellent silver metal that rapidly degrades air and moisture. Neodymium is present in significant amounts in the ore minerals monazite and bastnäsite. This rare metal is used as an alloy component and is used to make high-strength neodymium magnets to make powerful permanent magnets.
11. Praseodymium
The symbol for this type of metal is Pr and atom number 59. This metal is a silvery, soft, weak and moral metal. Praseodymium has special value for its chemical, magnetic, electrical and optical properties. Praseodymium is highly reactive to what is seen in its original form. Many industrial uses of this rare metal include the ability to filter yellow light from light sources.
12. Promethium
The symbol of this type of metal is Pm and the atom number is 61. All isotopes of Promethium are radioactive. Promethium metal is used in bright paints, atomic batteries and thickness-measuring devices. This rare metal is about 500-600 grams naturally occurring in the earth's crust at any given time.
13. Samarium
The symbol for this type of metal is Sm and the atomic number is 62. Samarium is a moderately hard silvery metal that is slowly oxidized in air. This rare metal has no significant biological role but Samarium is slightly toxic. Samarium is also used to dope calcium chloride crystals in lasers and also infrared absorbent glass and neutron absorbers in nuclear reactors.
14. Scandium
This type of metal is known as a chemical element with the symbol Sc and atom number 21. This rare metal is present in most deposits of uranium compounds. Scandium, a rare metal, is used in aerospace industry components and equipment such as fishing rods, golf iron shafts, and bicycle frames.
15. Terbium
This type of metal is known as a chemical element with the symbol A Tb and atom number 65. Terbium is a perforated scrap, hellish and soft enough metal. This rare metal is highly electro prosthetic and reacts with water. Terbium develops androgen gas. This rare metal is used in calcium tungstate, calcium fluoride and strontium moly date and materials used in solid-state devices.
16. Ytterbium
The symbol for this type of metal is Yb and the atomic number is 70. This type of element is the fourteenth and penultimate element in the lanthanide series. The density and melting and boiling points of Ytterbium are significantly different from most other lanthanides due to the closed shell electron configuration of Ytterbium. This rare metal is a combination of seven stable isotopes. This rare metal is used to improve grain corrosion, strength and other mechanical properties of stainless steel.
17. Yttrium
The symbol of this type of metal is Y and atom number 39. Yttrium is a silver-metallic transition metal. Yttrium is chemically similar to lanthanides. This rare element is almost always found in rare-earth minerals in combination with lanthanides. A metal called yttrium is used to make LEDs and phosphors.
This type of metal is also used in the manufacture of various materials for the growth of electrolytes, lasers, superconductors, electronic filters, and various medical applications.
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